If the float is stuck its usually just the needle has some crud, i know you went through it but its not too uncommon to have some junk flow down from the tank or line after putting it back on, do you have a filter inline?
The gauge can be had really cheap if you look around, and yes get one that screws in. I found mine at a local Runnings Fleet and Farm store for $10, i have used it many times it paid for itself doing diagnostics on both trikes and cars. If you need a manual look below in my signature for my manual server link, should be one there for your model.
If the float is stuck though its very obvious, the bowl will overfill and you will see fuel coming out the bottom of the carb, out the drain hose if you have a hose on that fitting. If its not pouring out the overflow outlet then chances are its not a stuck float, could just be set too rich. Also make sure your needle has its retaining clip on the top side of the slide, its a little W shaped piece of metal that gets held down by the spring. Without that the needle can float up, though that generally causes the engine to rev as well, but if the mixture screw isn't set right it can just flood it out as well.
Basically your going to have to go over the carb, check the compression, check the valve adjustments, and work your way from there. At least it has spark and fires!
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1984 Honda ATC200ES "Big Red"
1982 ATC200E "Hondie"
1988 TRX300FW "Project Quad" Still in progress....